Information Systems in MIS
An information system is
integrated and co-ordinate network of components, which combine together to
convert data into information.
Classification
of Information System
In
any given organization information system can be classified based on the usage
of the information. Therefore, an information system in an organization can be
divided into (1) operations support
system and (2) management support
system.
1. Operations
support system
In
an organization, data input is done by the end user which is processed to
generate information products i.e., reports, which are utilized by internal and
or external users. Such a system is called operation support system.
The
purpose of the operation support system is to facilitate business transaction,
control production, support internal as well as external communication and
update organization central database. The operation support system is further
divided into a (a) transaction-processing system, (b) processing control system
and (c) enterprise collaboration system.
(a) Transaction
Processing System (TPS)
In
manufacturing organization, there are several types of transaction across
department. Typical organizational departments are Sales, Account, Finance, Production,
Human Resource and Marketing.
Across
which following transaction may occur sales order, sales return, cash receipts,
credit sales; credit slips, material accounting, inventory management,
depreciation accounting, etc.
These
transactions can be categorized into:
(1)
batch transaction processing,
(2)
single transaction processing and
(3)
real time transaction processing.
(b) Process
Control System
In
a manufacturing organization, certain decisions are made by a computer system
without any manual intervention. In this type of system, critical information
is feed to the system on a real-time basis thereby enabling process control.
This kind of systems is referred as process control systems.
(c) Enterprise
Collaboration System
In
recent times, there is more stress on team effort or collaboration across
different functional teams. A system which enables collaborative effort by
improving communication and sharing of data is referred to as an enterprise
collaboration system.
(2) Management
Support System
Managers
require precise information in a specific format to undertake an organizational
decision. A system which facilitates an efficient decision-making process for
managers is called management support system.
Management
support systems are essentially categorized as:
(a)
management information system,
(b)
decision support system,
(c)
expert system and
(d)
accounting information system.
Management
information system provides information to manager facilitating the routine
decision-making process.
Decision
support system provides information to manager facilitating specific issue
related solution.
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