Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
The 14 principles of management stated by
Henry Fayol is one of the famous administration theories used in management.
This is the basics of any powerful management tool used in an organization.
The 14 major principles of management are:
1.
Division of Work
2.
Authority and Responsibility
3.
Discipline
4.
Unity of Command
5.
Unity of Direction
6.
Subordination of Individual Interest
7.
Remuneration
8.
The Degree of Centralization
9.
Scalar Chain
10.
Order
11.
Equity
12.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel
13.
Initiative
14.
Esprit de Corps
1.
Division of Work: This is the principle of
specialization, which is very well expressed by economists as being a necessary
factor for efficiency in the utilization of labour.
2.
Authority and Responsibility: In this principle, Fayol conceives
authority as a combination of official authority deriving from a manager’s
official position and personal authority, which is compounded of intelligence,
experience, moral worth, past services, etc.
3.
Discipline: Holding the notion that discipline
is ‘respect for agreements which are directed as achieving obedience,
application, energy and the outward marks of respect’, Fayol declares that
discipline requires good superiors at all levels, clear and fair agreements and
judicious application of penalties.
4.
Unit of Command: This is the principle, which states
that an employee should receive orders from one superior only.
5.
Unity of Direction: According to Fayol, the unity of
direction principle implies that each group of activities having some
objectives must have one head and one plan. As distinguished from the principle
of unity of command, Fayol perceives unity of direction as related to the functioning of
personnel.
6.
Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: In
any group, the interest of the group should supersede that of the individual.
When the interests differ, it is the function of the management to
reconcile them.
7.
Remuneration of Personnel: Fayol perceives that remuneration
and methods of payment should be fair and also should be able to afford the
maximum satisfaction to employee and employer.
8. Centralization: Although Fayol does not use the term, Centralization of Authority, his principle definitely refers to the extent to
which authority is concentrated or dispersed in an enterprise. Individual circumstances
determine the degree of centralization that gives the best overall yields.
9.
Scalar Chain: Fayol thinks of the scalar chain as
a line of authority, a chain of superiors from the highest to the lowest ranks.
And, because it is an error of a subordinate to depart needlessly from the
lines of authority, the chain should be short-circuited.
10.
Order: Breaking this principle into material order and
social order, Fayol thinks of it as a simple edge for everything. This
organization is the principle, which refers to the arrangement of things and
persons in an organization.
11.
Equity: Fayol perceives this principle as one of
eliciting loyalty and devotion from personnel with a combination of kindliness
and justice in managers while dealing with subordinates.
12.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Finding that
instability is both the cause and effect of bad management, Fayol points out
the dangers and costs of unnecessary turnover.
13.
Initiative: Initiative is conceived as
the process of thinking out and executing a plan.
Since it is one of the keenest satisfactions for an intelligent man to
experience, Fayol exhorts managers to sacrifice personal vanity in order to
permit subordinates to exercise it.
14.
Esprit de corps: This principle implies that union
is strength and an extension of the principle of unity of command. Fall here
emphasizes the need for teamwork and the importance of communication in
obtaining it.
These
principles are guidelines for every management function. The manager must act
according to the 14 principles of management; in order to reach the goal and
create a surplus.
These
14 management principles of Henri Fayol are universally accepted. they work as
a guideline for managers to do their job according to their responsibility.
In conclusion on the 14 Principles of
Management
The
14 principles of management can be used to manage organizations and are useful
tools for forecasting, planning, process management, organization management,
decision-making, coordination and control.
Although
they are obvious, many of these matters are still used based on common sense in
current management practices in organizations. It remains a practical list with
focus areas that are based on Henri Fayol ’s research which still applies today due to
a number of logical principles.
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