Tuesday, 11 May 2021

Information and Communication Technology (MIS 11.05.2021)

Information and Communication Technology

Information and Communication Technology can simply be defined in its simplest form as an electronic medium for creating, collecting, manipulating receiving and sending information from one place to another. It makes message delivery faster, more convenient, easy to access, understand and interpret. It uses gadgets such as cell phones, the Internet, wireless network, computer, radio, television, Satellites, base stations etc. These resources are used to create, collect, communicate, transmit and manage information.

 

The Scope of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information and Communication Technology is a field that has a wide coverage. It extensively deals with communication technology and how it impacts on other fields of human endeavour.

It is the convergence of telephone and computer networking through a single cabling system with ease of data storage, manipulation, management, and retrieval.

It is concerned with database management, computer programming, and software development, Web designing, mobile application development, project management, security networking analysis, media equipment, computer engineering, computer studies, the internet, intranet, internet protocol (IP), system software, application software, signal technology, base station management etc.

 

Uses of Information Technology

We can see the uses and role of information technology in our society in many fields:

Business

Since the arrival of computers, the entire face of the business world has been changed. To run the different departments of business swiftly, use of Information Technology is important and it is possible with computers and software. The use of information technology can be seen in departments such as finance, human resources, manufacturing, and security. Role of IT can’t be ignored.

 

Education

Technology enables teachers to be up to date with new techniques and help their students to be updated with latest technologies such as use of tablets, mobile phones, computers, etc. in education. Information technology helps students to learn new things.

 

Finance

Information Technology opens the doors for traders and common people to do online purchases. Banks keep records of all the transactions and accounts through computers. Unlike before, now the transactions and other deals have become faster and easier.

 

Healthcare

With Information Technology, the field of medicine and health has been seeing tremendous improvements. For doctors, sending and receiving information, checking patients, and discussing with other experts have become very convenient. Also, it reduces the time taken in paperwork.

 

Security

Online transactions and keeping records of all the online transactions are now more safe than earlier times. Only proper management and a person responsible for the system can access the data online. It prohibits any random person from checking the details. All these have been made possible by keeping the system passwords proof. Only permissible authority can access your information.

 

Communication

With improvements in information technology, globalization has increased. The world is brought closer, and the world’s economy is quickly becoming a single interdependent system. Information can be shared quickly and easily from all over the globe, and barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries can be torn down as people share ideas and information with each other.

 

Employment

With Information Technology, new jobs have been introduced. It creates new jobs for programmers, hardware and software developers, systems analysers, web designers and many others. Information Technology has opened an entirely new fields and thousands of jobs for IT professionals.

 

Benefits of Information Technology

Information technology has changed our lives drastically. You are only a single click away from everything. So here is a list of the benefits of information technology in our lives and also there is a need of the Information Technology in every field.

 

1. With the advancement in IT, one can access the system of the company from any place. It is not necessary for the authority to be in the office only. They can submit their work from home as well. Easy access to the system has surely increased one’s productivity without any physical presence of the person in the office.

 

2. There is a huge demand for IT professionals in various fields. The demand opens an immense opportunity for IT professionals to explore the field and show their talent. The IT field offers people to work for computer programming, system analysis, testing, software and hardware development, web application design etc.

 

3. With the advancement of information technology, the education field has transformed its outlook and has adopted a modern way of teaching and learning. Teaching on the blackboard is now an old thing. Teachers and institutions are using modern gadgets to teach their students. A computer with an internet connection helps students to learn new things and understand the topics easily and deeply.

 

4. Information technology helps patients as well. They can now connect with physicians and take advice online. Also, there are many virtual healthcare applications available to provide guidance. Electronic health records and tele-medicines are delivering efficient and quality health to patients.

 

5. In the technology world, with information technology, the drawback of time and distance in business activities has been removed. Now, buying and selling are too easy. Customers can buy online from their locals and international vendors as well.

 

6. With wireless communication mediums, news broadcasts have become so easier. Only a few seconds are needed to know the news from any corner of the world.

 

7. Use of the internet on mobile phones, tablets, laptops, iPods, and other gadgets has been offering us unlimited access to entertainment mediums. People can watch movies or new songs on OTT platforms.

 

8. With the Information technology, communication between people has become cheaper, easier and faster than ever before. Texting, video calling, sending e-mails are so easy nowadays. There are so many apps available online to provide these services.

 

9. With the Information technology, we have seen and understood the meaning of globalization. Today, the world is on one platform and there are no physical barriers between nations.

 

Importance

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has an important role in the world since we are now in the information age era. With ICT, the company can make the business easier to happen with the client, supplier, and distributor. It is also very important in our daily lives. The lack of appropriate information at the right time will result in low productivity, low-quality research works, and waste of time to pursue information and even to do research which others had done or in other countries. Nowadays ICT cannot be separated from our daily needs.

ICT has a great impact on our daily lives. For example, we can read our local newspaper using the online newspaper. Another example is we still can get connected with our family, relatives, or colleges even if we are abroad by using electronic mail, messenger, call conference, or video conference.

Digital computer and networking have changed our economy concept to an economy with no boundary in time and space because of ICT. It brings a lot of advantages for economic development enabling millions of transactions to happen in an easy and fast way.

ICT is one of the economic development pillars to gain a national competitive advantage. It can improve the quality of human life because it can be used as a learning and education media, the mass communication media in promoting and campaigning practical and important issues, such as the health and social area. It provides wider knowledge and can help in gaining and accessing information.

ICT has become an integral part of everyday life for many people. It increases its importance in people's lives and it is expected that this trend will continue, to the extent that ICT literacy will become a functional requirement for people's work, social, and personal lives.

The use of ICT in education adds value in teaching and learning, by enhancing the effectiveness of learning, or by adding a dimension to learning that was not previously available. ICT may also be a significant motivational factor in students 'learning and can support students' engagement with collaborative learning.

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is our society's efforts to teach its current and emerging citizens valuable knowledge and skills around computing and communications devices, software that operates them, applications that run on them, and systems that are built with them.

We are living in a constantly evolving digital world. ICT has an impact on almost every aspect of our lives - from working to socializing, learning to playing. The digital age has transformed the way young people communicate, network, seek help, access information, and learn. We must recognize that young people are now an online population and access is through a variety of means such as computers, TV, and mobile phones.

It is in this graduation that educational technology and e-learning are taught in or out of the classroom since educational technology is used by learners and educators in homes, schools, businesses, and other settings.

 

Challenges of Information and Communication Technology 

Information and Communication Technology is limited by a number of challenges which is characteristic of an emerging field. The following are some of the challenges:

 

1. Expensive ICT materials: The requisite materials for practical knowledge of ICT especially at the advanced level are costly e.g., Computer, projector, Internet machine etc.

 

2. Highly technical and practical driven: It is technically driven. It requires a great deal of logic and analytical reasoning for in-depth understanding and application.

 

3.Poor orientation about the concept: The first challenge in embracing ICT as a field of study for students who have no prior orientation from their foundation education is that of speedy assimilation.

 

4. Underdevelopment: ICT is a global concept and an up-to-date knowledge on the subject there must necessarily be technological development nationally at least well-established global information link on the subject. Many nations are yet to attain this.

 

5. Universal acceptability as a compulsory field of study: The subject is yet to be fully embraced by all institutions of learning from the cradle globally. Although it is now compulsory at the high school level in some countries. Unless there are solid foundation and love for the subject, compliance for all may still take a time to attain in line with the global goals.

 

6. Hijack by Hackers: ICT is being used by some persons for evil purposes such as cybercrime that can cause severe damage to computers and similar gadgets.

 

 

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