Classification of DSS
There are
several ways to classify DSS, which are as follows −
1. Text
Oriented DSS − It contains textually represented
information that could have a bearing on decision. It allows documents to be electronically
created, revised and viewed as needed.
2. Database
Oriented DSS − Database plays a major role here; it
contains organized and highly structured data.
3. Spreadsheet
Oriented DSS − It contains information in spread sheets
that allows create, view, modify procedural knowledge and also instructs the
system to execute self-contained instructions. The most popular tool is Excel
and Lotus 1-2-3.
4. Solver
Oriented DSS − It is based on a solver, which is an
algorithm or procedure written for performing certain calculations and
particular program type.
5. Rules
Oriented DSS − It follows certain procedures adopted as
rules. Export system is the example.
6. Compound
DSS −
It is built by using two or more of the five structures explained above.
Types of
DSS
Following
are some typical DSSs −
1. Status
Inquiry System − It helps in taking operational, management
level, or middle level management decisions, for example daily schedules of
jobs to machines or machines to operators.
2. Data
Analysis System − It needs comparative analysis and makes use
of formula or an algorithm, for example cash flow analysis, inventory analysis
etc.
3. Information
Analysis System − In this system data is analyzed and the
information report is generated. For example, sales analysis, accounts
receivable systems, market analysis etc.
4. Accounting
System − It keeps track of accounting and finance related information,
for example, final account, accounts receivables, accounts payables, etc. that
keep track of the major aspects of the business.
5. Model
Based System − Simulation models or optimization models
used for decision-making are used infrequently and creates general guidelines
for operation or management.
Users
of Decision Support System:
The ultimate user of a decision support
system is the decision maker; however, he may not actually run the system.
1.
Terminal mode:
The decision maker is the direct user of
the system through on line access.
2.
Clerk mode:
The decision maker uses the system
directly but offline, preparing input on a coding form.
The primary difference between this mode
and the terminal mode is in the technology employed.
3.
Subscription mode:
The decision maker receives reports that
are generated automatically on a regular basis.
4.
Intermediary mode:
The decision maker uses the system
through intermediaries, who perform the analysis and interpret and report the
results. The decision maker does not need to know the intermediary used the
system to arrive at the requested information.
There are two types of intermediaries
that reflect different types of support for the manager.
(a) Expert
tool user:
This person is
skilled in the application of one or more types of specialised problem-solving
tools.
(b) Staff
assistant or staff analyst:
This person
has specialized knowledge about problems and some experience with the decision
support technology. The staff assistant essentially extends the manager’s
capabilities by taking over many of the tasks of problem solving such as
setting up the problem, obtaining data and building the initial model.
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