Chapter - 2: Individual
Behaviour
Individual Level of Analysis
At the individual level of analysis,
organizational behaviour includes the study of learning, perception,
creativity, motivation, and personality.
In addition, it also includes the study
of turnover, task performance and evaluation, coordinated behaviour, deviant
work behaviour, ethics, and cognition.
Example − Ram joins a company as an intern and
is very open to learning new things but as time passes and he gets promoted his
attitude towards his interns becomes rude. This is a fine example of individual
level of analysis.
Perception
Perception is an intellectual process of
transforming sensory stimuli to meaningful information. It is the process of
interpreting something that we see or hear in our mind and use it later to
judge and give a verdict on a situation, person, group etc.
It can be divided into six types −
1. Sound − The ability to receive sound by
identifying vibrations.
2. Speech − The competence of interpreting
and understanding the sounds of language heard.
3. Touch − Identifying objects through
patterns of its surface by touching it.
4. Taste − The ability to receive flavour
of substances by tasting it through sensory organs known as taste buds.
5. Other senses − They approve perception through
body, like balance, acceleration, pain, time, sensation felt in throat and
lungs etc.
6. Of the social world − It permits people to understand
other individuals and groups of their social world.
Example − Priya goes to a restaurant and likes their customer service, so she will perceive that it is a good place to hang out and will recommend it to her friends, who may or may not like it. Priya’s perception about the restaurant is good.
Importance
of Perception in OB
We need to understand what the role of
perception in an organization is. It is very important in establishing
different role of perceptions like −
·
Understanding the tasks to be performed.
·
Understanding associated importance of tasks
allotted.
·
Understanding preferred behaviour to complete
respective tasks.
·
Clarifying role perceptions.
Example, every member in a group has to be clear
regarding the role allotted to them. Programmer writes the code, tester checks
it, etc.
Learning
Learning can be defined as the permanent
change in behaviour due to direct and indirect experience. It means change in behaviour,
attitude due to education and training, practice and experience. It is
completed by acquisition of knowledge and skills, which are relatively
permanent.
Nature
of Learning
Nature of learning means the
characteristic features of learning. Learning involves change; it may or may
not guarantee improvement. It should be permanent in nature, that is learning
is for lifelong.
The change in behaviour is the result of
experience, practice and training. Learning is reflected through behaviour.
Factors
Affecting Learning
Learning is based upon some key factors
that decide what changes will be caused by this experience. The key elements or
the major factors that affect learning are motivation, practice, environment,
and mental group.
1. Motivation − The encouragement, the support
one gets to complete a task, to achieve a goal is known as motivation. It is a
very important aspect of learning as it acts gives us a positive energy to
complete a task.
Example − The coach motivated the players
to win the match.
2. Practice − We all know that “Practice makes
us perfect”. In order to be a perfectionist or at least complete the task, it
is very important to practice what we have learnt.
Example − We can be a programmer only when
we execute the codes we have written.
3. Environment − We learn from our surroundings;
we learn from the people around us. They are of two types of environment –
internal and external.
Example − A child when at home learns from
the family which is an internal environment, but when sent to school it is an
external environment.
4. Mental group − It describes our thinking by the
group of people we chose to hang out with. In simple words, we make a group of
those people with whom we connect. It can be for a social cause where people
with the same mentality work in the same direction.
Example − A group of readers, travellers,
etc.
These
are the main factors that influence what a person learns, these are the root
level for our behaviour and everything we do is connected to what we learn.
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