Organizational
Behaviour Theories
Important Organizational Behaviour Theories of
management are discussed below:
1. Bureaucracy Theory
2. Scientific Theory
3. Process Management Theory
1.
Bureaucracy Theory
Max Weber (1864-1920)
a German sociologist introduced the theory of Bureaucracy. His major contribution
to the theory is the concept of authority, structure and it inter relationship.
Weber in his model of bureaucracy stated
that there are three types of authority in
any organization.
· Legal
authority indicating
that a person holds authority based on legal position or rank within the
hierarchy.
· Traditional
authority:
employees obey a person because he comes from a traditionally recognized power
holding family or a person belonging to a royal family.
· Charismatic
authority: which
indicates special power or an appeal that a leader possesses.
2.
Scientific Management Theory
Scientific management approach was
developed by F.W. Taylor at
the beginning of the 20th century.
· This
theory supported the use
of certain steps in scientifically studying each element
of a job, selecting and training the best workers for the job.
· It
provided a scientific
rationale for job specialization and mass production. His
assumption was that employees are motivated largely by money.
· Taylor
recommended co-operation
among workers as against chaotic individualism.
3.
Process / Administrative Management Theory
Administrative
management theory was developed by Henri Fayol in the early 1900s and is
considered to be highly relevant even today. Fayol created fourteen principles
which he believed outlined the basis for strong and successful companies. It is
important to know that Fayol agreed with many of Taylor’s ideas and ideologies,
however, the main difference is that Taylor focused on the process of
completing the work most effectively, and Fayol focuses on the organizational
structure of a company as a whole.
Some of
Fayol’s principles included a clear division of labour, ensuring each employee
had only one direct manager to report to, and a healthy manager-employee
relationship. Another important part of Fayol’s administrative management
theory is the idea that everyone in a company should be aligned by
organizational goals. Fayol believed that organizational structure was vital to
the success and productivity of a company.
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